Groundbreaking analysis shows how the “rivers in the sky” connect the fate of  the entire rainforest and identify which regions are most at risk.

Washington, DC, 16 Sept 2025 – The Amazon will not collapse everywhere at the same time. A new special report by Amazon Conservation’s Monitoring of the Andes Amazon Program (MAAP) reveals how “flying rivers” determine which regions of the Amazon are most at risk of reaching the tipping point that will turn irreplaceable rainforests into dry savannas.

“Flying rivers” are moisture highways in the atmosphere, like rivers of rain in the sky, that travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Andes Mountains and provide vital water resources to the nine countries that form the Amazon Basin. They are the silent and invisible force that drives the water cycle of the entire region, making the rainfall that gives the Amazon its title of “rainforest” possible. As this delicate “flying river” is disrupted by human-caused deforestation and the effects of climate change, the impact on people, nature, and wildlife will be catastrophic, potentially including species extinction, increased droughts and lack of water access, and the end of the forest as we know it. 

Amazon Conservation’s latest analysis has identified that key areas of the Peruvian and Bolivian Amazon are most susceptible to the negative consequences of the breakdown of the region’s flying rivers. This includes areas in southern Peru and northern Bolivia that are home to some of the most iconic and biodiverse places on the planet, such as Manu National Park and Madidi National Park, which together protect 8.9 million acres of rich forests from the high Andes to the lowland Amazon. 

Corine Vriesendorp, Director of Science at Amazon Conservation’s Peruvian sister organization Conservación Amazónica-ACCA, oversees three biological stations along an altitudinal gradient near Manu National Park: “This research shows that some of the most wild places on the planet, like Manu, are at tremendous risk. We need to come together across the whole Amazon to protect these increible flying rivers to have a chance to avoid the tipping point.” The areas identified by this report as most vulnerable to a possible tipping point directly depend on the continued, uninterrupted water cycle provided by these flying rivers, which begins in Amazonian countries that border the Atlantic Ocean, like Brazil and Guyana. The state of deforestation and conservation in these countries on the “eastern” side of the Amazon will determine how much water will get to countries on the “western” side of the region – like Peru and Bolivia – showing the interconnectedness of the rainforest’s ecosystems that goes beyond country borders.

A threat that crosses borders

“The western Amazon relies on flying rivers to bring water all the way from the Atlantic Ocean, crossing millions of acres of forests in the eastern Amazon before it gets there,” said lead author Matt Finer, Senior Research Specialist and Director of Amazon Conservation’s MAAP initiative. “So the survival of rainforests in Peru and Bolivia actually depends on intact forests in Brazil to the east, since if those forests are destroyed, the water cycle that creates the flying rivers is broken, and it can’t reach the western Amazon. It’s all connected.”

Finer highlights that an important contribution of this analysis is that it reveals that, contrary to the common misconception that the tipping point will happen suddenly and uniformly across the region, it will likely happen progressively, beginning in particularly vulnerable areas and escalating from there.  

         

Seasonal shifts will also intensify the impact on these vulnerable areas. As rainforests tend to experience only two seasons (wet, or rainy, and dry seasons), the amount of water carried through the flying rivers is significantly limited during dry seasons, and exacerbated by human-caused deforestation and the effects of climate change, such as droughts.

Daniel M. Larrea, Director of Science and Technology at Amazon Conservation’s Bolivian sister organization Conservación Amazónica–ACEAA, added that  “this report sheds light on the critical role that flying rivers play in preserving standing forests and water access in the Amazon. Understanding their dynamics allows us to better protect vulnerable regions in Peru and Bolivia, where conservation is not only a local priority but a regional imperative. Science, innovation, and technology must guide our actions to ensure these forests can survive and thrive for generations to come.”

Urgent call in the run-up to COP30

These findings come at a crucial moment, with COP30 approaching in Belém and countries negotiating their updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which establish their climate action plans under the Paris Agreement. It highlights how forest conservation is central not only to climate goals but also to the water security for the millions of people and wildlife that call the Amazon home and for the collective survival of entire ecosystems across country borders. Decisions and policies made by Brazilian authorities will directly shape rainfall patterns in neighboring countries, making international cooperation essential.

This groundbreaking analysis was made possible by the Leo Model Foundation, in collaboration with nine scientists and researchers from across the Amazon Basin. It represents the first comprehensive mapping of flying rivers across wet, dry, and transition seasons, with an extensive literature review.

Read the full report here. 

About MAAP
Monitoring of the Andean Amazon Project (MAAP), an initiative of Amazon Conservation, Conservación Amazónica–ACCA (Peru), and Conservación Amazónica–ACEAA (Bolivia), provides cutting-edge, real-time technical analysis on deforestation and fires across the Amazon. MAAP uses satellite imagery, data science, and field information to generate timely reports that support conservation action and policy.

About Amazon Conservation Association
Amazon Conservation is an international conservation nonprofit working for the past 25 years towards building a thriving Amazon. The organization’s holistic approach focuses on working with local partners and allies to protect wild places, empower people, and put science and technology to work for conservation. Visit amazonconservation.org for more information.

In the heart of the Peruvian Amazon, Indigenous leaders are adding a new tool to their forest protection efforts: drones.

Earlier in August, representatives from the Native Federation of the Madre de Dios River and Tributaries (FENAMAD) and leaders of the Indigenous Council of the Lower Madre de Dios (COINBAMAD) took part in a hands-on training on the use of the latest in drone technology. Over the course of the workshop, participants learned how to safely operate, service, and apply cutting-edge drones to monitor their territories and safeguard their forest homes.

 

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Organized by our sister organization, Conservación Amazónica-ACCA, with support Aktion Amazonas, the Erol Foundation, and the D.N. Batten Foundation, this initiative represents a step forward in transferring technology directly to the Indigenous communities.

“Putting science and technology to work is a central pillar of our conservation work,” said John Beavers, President of Amazon Conservation. “Being able to share this technology with communities that need it to safely protect their resources and rights is essential. This continuous support helps ensure the forest stays standing for local people and for all of us.”

By combining ancestral knowledge with cutting-edge technology, communities in the Madre de Dios region of Peru are strengthening their ability to detect threats such as illegal logging, mining, and deforestation and to safely patrol their forests, avoiding direct conflict with illegal actors that could be deadly to them. These trainings not only provide technical skills but also reinforce the autonomy of Indigenous peoples to defend their territories.

At Amazon Conservation, we believe that empowering communities with tools like drones and satellite monitoring is key to long-term conservation. Together with our partners and donors, we are proud to support these efforts that put technology and decision-making directly in the hands of those who know the forest best.

Ixiamas, Bolivia – August 2025 – This month, we celebrate a landmark victory in the Bolivian Amazon, as the Tacana II Indigenous people finally receive the formal title to their territory, guaranteeing the legal protection of over 670,000 acres of forests.

This historic achievement is the result of over two decades of persistence, commitment, and collective vision to overcome the many challenges in the process, led by the Indigenous communities of Puerto Pérez, Las Mercedes, Toromonas, and El Tigre. This triumph was supported by our sister organization, Conservación Amazónica – ACEAA, in collaboration with strategic allies such as the Andes Amazon Fund (AAF), Conservation International Bolivia, Fundación TIERRA, CIDOB, CPILAP, the Inter-American Development Bank, and other partners who contributed throughout the process. Amazon Conservation and many of our donors – including the International Conservation Fund of Canada (ICFC), the D.N. Batten Foundation, among others – also backed this monumental effort throughout the years.

We would like to thank all the donors, partners, and supporters of Amazon Conservation and our sister organization, Conservación Amazónica – ACEAA, for making this important achievement possible for both people and nature.

A Territory of High Ecological Value

The Tacana II Indigenous Territory is an area of high ecological and strategic importance for the conservation of the Bolivian Amazon. This territory harbors:

– Primary Amazonian forests with high tree diversity, including Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa), palms, and hardwoods.

– Key watersheds such as the Madre de Dios River and its tributaries, which sustain aquatic ecosystems and provide access to water and transportation for local people.

 

– Iconic wildlife such as jaguars, tapirs, spider monkeys, macaws, and hundreds of bird, reptile, and amphibian species.

– Medicinal plants and food that are fundamental to Tacana ancestral knowledge and for their sustainable ways of life.

This territory also serves as a biological corridor, connecting national and transboundary protected areas and contributing to climate resilience, water regulation, and carbon sequestration, especially critical in a context of increasing pressure on Amazonian forests.

 

Territorial Sovereignty and Collective Rights

The Tacana II Indigenous Territory is home to four communities, comprising approximately, and this recognition strengthens their territorial sovereignty, guarantees legal protections for collective land rights, and enables communities to exercise autonomy in territorial management, sustainable use of natural resources, and protection of their culture. 

“This is a great achievement from years of sustained effort,” commented John Beavers, President of Amazon Conservation. “It shows that conservation requires long-term commitment and strong partnerships. Our role is to work together with communities, strengthen them, and protect the forests and rivers that allow the Amazon to thrive.”

 

 

 

A Process Built by and Celebrated in Community

For more than two decades, Amazon Conservation and Conservación Amazónica-ACEAA have supported this process, fostering collaboration between communities, public institutions, and partners. This achievement is shared and celebrated collectively, as a symbol of resistance, dignity, and hope. 

“We are deeply grateful to all our supporters and to Amazon Conservation, whose trust and collaboration helped keep this collective effort alive,” said Marco Terán, Executive Director of Conservación Amazónica-ACEAA. “Their belief in these goals for so many years made this historic moment possible.”

The formal titling of the Tacana II Indigenous Territory represents a victory for environmental justice, biodiversity conservation, and the recognition of Indigenous peoples as guardians of the Amazon.

 

 

Rise for the Amazon Day is here.

The Amazon, one of the world’s most extraordinary places, is at a crossroads. From deforestation to fires, this vital forest faces unprecedented threats. Yet its people, wildlife, and ecosystems endure with remarkable strength. Now, on September 5th, we rise together in solidarity.

Your support can make all the difference as we stand side by side with Indigenous leaders, forest guardians, and communities putting everything on the line. Every gift, fundraiser started, and message of solidarity adds strength to the movement.

 

The Amazon needs us.
Together, we can protect it.

 

 
In this moment of urgency, Amazon Conservation Board Member and donor Marie Arana wants to share a personal message with you about why protecting the Amazon matters now more than ever:

 

This special day is more than a call to action—it’s also a perfect opportunity to explore smart giving strategies that maximize your impact. As we come together tomorrow for Rise for the Amazon Day, we invite you to take part—whether by sharing the message, making a gift, or finding new ways to stand with the forest and its people. And remember, there are also tax-smart ways to give, such as donating appreciated stock, creating a will, or making gifts directly from your IRA, that can maximize your impact today without impacting your current budget and taking advantage of tax benefits.

Exclusive for donors: When you give today, you’ll receive access to our donor webinar on September 16, where our experts share an inside look into their current conservation work, show how your support is making an impact, and answer donor questions in real time. Donate today for access to this special event.
 
Every gift helps protect wildlife, support Amazonian families, and keep forests standing and thriving.
 

Together, we can protect the Amazon Rainforest–for us all.

 

 
 

On September 5, we celebrate the inaugural Rise for the Amazon Day—a day of awareness and action for the greatest wild forest on Earth. This day reminds us of the Amazon’s importance to life everywhere and calls us to take action to protect it.

The Amazon shapes weather, regulates our climate, and is home to millions of people and species found nowhere else. It is one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, and its resilience is deeply tied to our own. Yet pressures from deforestation, extractive industries, and climate change are pushing this forest to a dangerous tipping point.

That’s why this day matters. It is a chance to pause, to reflect, and most importantly to rise together in defense of the forest and all it sustains.

A Glimpse Into the Amazon’s Hidden Life

To celebrate Rise for the Amazon Day, we’re sharing a new video from our research team at Wayqecha Biological Station in Peru, who give us a rare look at the Andean bear, also known as the spectacled bear.

Through the use of camera traps and GPS collars, we’re uncovering the secret lives of these bears and learning just how vital they are to the ecosystem. Scientists call the Andean bear an umbrella species because protecting it means protecting everything else within its vast range—over 230 square miles. When the bear thrives, so do deer, foxes, pumas, dwarf deer, and countless plant and insect species. Its survival is tied to the survival of an entire landscape.

This is what conservation makes possible: a single species, safeguarded, becoming a keystone for the health of the entire forest.

Tomorrow, Join Us in Rising Together

As we prepare to celebrate Rise for the Amazon Day tomorrow, we are reminded that protecting the Amazon is not an isolated act. It is a collective responsibility. Every effort to keep forests standing ripples outward: securing sustainable livelihoods for communities, preserving biodiversity and ecosystems, and stabilizing the global climate we all depend on.

As we come together tomorrow for Rise for the Amazon Day, we invite you to take part—whether by sharing the message, making a gift, or finding new ways to stand with the forest and its people. And remember, there are also tax-smart ways to give, such as donating appreciated stock, creating a will, or making gifts directly from your IRA, that can maximize your impact today without impacting your current budget and taking advantage of tax benefits.

By rising together, we can ensure that the Amazon—and the Andean bear within it—continues to thrive for generations to come.

 

Together, we can protect the Amazon Rainforest–for us all.

 

 
 

For 25 years, Amazon Conservation has worked hand in hand with Indigenous communities and local partners to protect the Amazon’s most important forests and rivers. Your generosity makes it possible for people across the Amazon to build better futures while protecting the forest we all depend on. Thanks to donors like you, communities are finding sustainable alternatives to destructive industries such as illegal mining and logging. 

One of those livelihoods is sustainable fish farming. In a region where illegal mining and logging too often provide the only income opportunities, fish farming offers families a way to earn a living while keeping the forest and rivers healthy.

In the Madre de Dios region of Peru, Nemésio has become a leader in this effort. With support from Amazon Conservation and our sister organization, Conservación Amazónica-ACCA in Peru, Nemésio raises native Amazonian fish through responsible aquaculture (or fish farming) practices. His ponds are designed to work in harmony with the surrounding ecosystem, providing food and income for his family without turning to destructive industries.

Sustainable aquaculture is more than just a source of food and income – it is part of a growing movement of community-led conservation across the Amazon. Families are finding new opportunities that protect rivers and forests, improve food security, and show that there are viable alternatives to activities like illegal mining that threaten both people and the environment.

For Nemésio, this work represents hope for the future: “More than anything, we want to succeed and show to others that there is an alternative to work in mining and illegal logging that actually protects our forest patrimony.”

Watch Nemésio’s story here:

 

By supporting sustainable initiatives like Nemésio’s, you are proving that conservation and prosperity can go hand in hand. Families have the tools to thrive, forests remain intact, and the Amazon becomes stronger for generations to come.

Why This Matters for Rise for the Amazon Day

On September 5, we will celebrate our inaugural Rise for the Amazon Day, a global call to action to protect the forests that give the world so much – in the form of air, food, water, medicine, and climate stability – and to support the communities who depend on them.

Stories like Nemésio’s show what is possible when conservation is done in partnership with local people: forests stay standing, families prosper, and the Amazon’s future becomes more secure for us all.

Make a Gift Today

Your donation makes stories like Nemésio’s possible. By giving today, you support sustainable livelihoods, protect critical forests, and ensure that both people and nature can thrive in the Amazon.

 

Together, we can protect the Amazon Rainforest–for us all.