REDD—Reducing Emissions from Deforestation & Forest Degradation—is a powerful new mechanism for mitigating climate change by compensating tropical countries for their reductions of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation. ACA has designed a REDD project that will alleviate poverty through the creation of training and employment opportunities for local and indigenous communities in Cusco’s highlands and cloud forest zones. In June 2009, ACA received a nearly $500,000 grant from Norway’s international development agency (Norad) to fund the first year of the project.

Deforestation and forest fires are a major concern for the department of Cusco, where world-renowned Manu National Park has already lost over 44,000 acres to fires caused by humans. This enormous loss is in part due to about 4,000 head of cattle in the highland areas of the park, where cattle owners burn grasslands to provide young grasses for the cattle. Additionally, in the buffer zone around the park, many communities lack access to cooking fuel and electricity, and instead cut down their forests for firewood.

The heart of the project lies in helping these buffer communities to minimize the use of fire to clear pasture for their cattle and firewood and to create financial and market incentives for them to conserve native forests. A central initiative is to reforest degraded lands with green firebreaks that are enriched with profitable Andean plant species. Already, ACA has developed fire prevention workshops in partnership with Manu National Park and begun hosting them in local communities.

As part of this grant project, ACA will hold a REDD conference in Cusco on December 3 and 4, 2009. The conference will introduce the concept of REDD to regional government officials, indigenous representatives from the Queros Wachiperi community, and district leaders from the buffer zone of Manu National Park.

Other project activities include firefighting training with Manu National Park guards, construction of plant nurseries, design of pilot REDD projects with communities, and technical support for designing REDD policies in Peru. ACA is also conducting outreach in the United States to policymakers and development funders about the REDD approach in high-forest, low-deforestation countries, such as Peru and Bolivia.

Over the course of the next five years, ACA intends to demonstrate that helping communities build a portfolio of conservation-based industries and connecting them with international and local markets will reduce deforestation pressure on the Andean cloud forest. The project also includes a strong scientific component, extending research already underway on fire frequency, forest degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions in the Andes. These studies will provide communities with information they need to make good decisions about resource management.

The project is designed as a scalable REDD mechanism that is replicable in other tropical mountain regions and that incorporates strategies to strengthen REDD programs worldwide. Human-caused fire in the tropical Andes is emitting large amounts of CO₂, degrading ecosystems, destroying biodiversity, and threatening human livelihoods. Our project can reduce the frequency of fires at the same time it alleviates poverty and conserves healthy watersheds. If you’re interested in learning more, please see our fact sheet (PDF). ACA is currently seeking interested partners and donors for this project. (Photos above by Megan MacDowell and Carmen Giusti.)

ACA’s research station functioned as a world-class photo studio for Graham D. Anderson, a leading wildlife photographer, who served as resident artist at the Los Amigos Biological Station during August and September 2009. Graham’s work in Los Amigos has been focused on taking pictures of birds and bats in flight. Through the use of infrared lights as sensors and other electronic elements that he developed, he has been able to capture stunning motion shots.

“I never expected it to be so easy to take nature photos the way I have been able to in Los Amigos,” Graham said. “Not just because of the facilities, but because there are animals everywhere, not to mention you are constantly in contact with researchers who provide you with a wealth of information.

“My experience at Los Amigos was fabulous. I am looking forward to my travels to Wayqecha Cloud Forest Research Center near Cusco, where ACA has another station that is dedicated to their vision of preserving the Amazon in a way that evokes a sense of social responsibility. I want to experience it and take pictures of flying hummingbirds—I know there are plenty there.”

ACA takes great pride in the fact that photographers of Graham’s caliber consider the concession to be a natural studio for photography and filming. ACA works hard to make this “studio” accessible to professional and amateur photographers and filmmakers around the world, who work alongside the biologists and other researchers at the station.

“We don’t want to just show the scientific side of the picture. This of course helps researchers answer many questions in terms of biodiversity, but what we really want to highlight are the immense opportunities for outreach available in the ACA’s biological facilities and conservation concessions,” said ACCA science manager Adrian Tejedor. (Photos by Graham Anderson.)

The Peruvian Minister of Environment, Dr. Antonio Brack Egg, attended the 8th annual MAP Forum, a tri-national civil society conference on sustainable development named for the areas it includes: Madre de Dios, Peru; Acre, Brazil; and Pando, Bolivia.

Minister Brack’s presence at the conference in Puerto Maldonado, Peru demonstrated the interest that the new Environment Ministry has in conservation in the Amazon’s headwaters. It also raised the profile of the forum, which began as a small volunteer-run meeting eight years ago; ACA has participated in the forum for a number of years.

In his speech, Minister Brack lauded MAP participants for their efforts and pointed to other opportunities for sustainable development in the southwestern Amazon such as ecotourism, fish farming, reforestation, and carbon markets. He also made special mention of the potential for tropical research, and identified ACA’s Los Amigos Biological Station as a role model for the region and a first-class research facility where many plants and animal species have been discovered. (Photo by Miguel Moran.)

On September 7, 2009, ACA/ACCA’s executive director Cesar Moran along with Augusto Mulanovich, ACCA’s environmental services specialist, gave a presentation on REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and payment for environmental services to members of Peru’s Congress in Lima, Peru. Cesar and Augusto were the only representatives of a Peruvian NGO invited to speak at the event, which was intended to show what Peru can learn from early experiments in payments for environmental services such as carbon markets and conservation banking. Their speech focused on the opportunities for REDD in Peru and described ACA’s experience developing a REDD project at our Los Amigos Conservation Concession.

Later in the forum, Peruvian congressman Franklin Sanchez introduced draft legislation for national policy on environmental services, and a representative of Costa Rica’s National Forest Financing Fund (FONAFIFO) gave a presentation on the success of similar measures in that country. At a technical meeting the next day, Cesar and Augusto had the opportunity to discuss the potential benefits and limitations of the draft legislation with members of the Peruvian Congress, representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture and Environment, and conservation think tanks. It is expected that Peru will pass an environmental services law sometime during 2010, setting the groundwork for opening the country to REDD projects and markets.

Washington-based Amazon Conservation Association will be featured in the 2009/10 Catalogue for Philanthropy: Greater Washington.

This is the Catalogue’s seventh year in the Washington, DC region. It profiles environmental, cultural, educational, human services, and international organizations with budgets below $3 million.

ACA was selected as one of only 68 nonprofits from a field of over 250 applicants, and one of only three international nonprofits. A committee of 90 professionals from area foundations, corporate giving programs, family foundations, nonprofit organizations, and the DC government participated in the review process.

Nearly 30,000 individuals and hundreds of foundations will receive copies of the Catalogue in mid-November. To date, the Catalogue has helped to raise over $8.5 million in donations for local nonprofits.

According to Barbara Harman, president of the Catalogue for Philanthropy: Greater Washington, “charities were selected for excellence, innovation, cost-effectiveness, and financial transparency–and for what they can teach us about the extraordinary ways that philanthropy works.” (Photo above by Noriko Nakamura)

Biology majors at the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés in La Paz, Bolivia have input productivity and physical data into ACA’s Brazil nut tree database for thousands of Brazil nut trees located in northern Bolivia, near Madidi National Park.

These enthusiastic interns were trained by ACA-Bolivia staff members Javier Calderón and Abraham Poma to use geographic information systems (GIS) and related digital databases to create multi-layered resource maps. Participants included Ruth Cory, Oswaldo Palabral, Mariela Escobar, Claudia Piza, Aymara Duran, and Variozka Azenas.

ACA-Bolivia has collected data on 115,000 Brazil nut trees in the Takana indigenous land claim area since 2006. Data collected include, among others: number of trees, production rate, circumference, presence or absence of vines, quality of understory, and drainage.  These data are fed into the Brazil nut tree database for ACA-Bolivia’s project area including the four Takana communities of Puerto Pérez, Las Mercedes, Toromonas, and El Tigre, north of Madidi. 

(Article by Scott Harris) The Peruvian government reversed course on two controversial laws following a deadly clash earlier this summer between indigenous tribes and police.

On June 18, Peru’s Congress voted 82-14 to overturn legislative decree 1090, which would have removed protected status from more than 170,000 square miles of northeastern Peruvian forest, and Decree 1064, which made it easier for companies to conduct oil or gas exploration without obtaining prior approval from local and indigenous communities. Furthermore, in a sign of willingness to increase indigenous involvement in future decision-making regarding Amazon lands, the government has formed the National Coordination Group for the Development of Amazonian Peoples, which will include several indigenous leaders in its membership.

Daysi Zapata, acting president of the Inter-Ethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Amazon (AIDESEP), said in a statement on the group’s Web site that “we are grateful that the will of the indigenous peoples has been heard and we only hope that in the future governments listen and attend to indigenous peoples.”

The changes occurred after thousands of indigenous demonstrators, centered largely around the town of Bagua about 600 miles north of Lima, were allegedly fired upon by security forces. Peru’s government temporarily placed the region under a state of emergency after the incident, which left between 30 and 100 people dead, according to various estimates. After the protest, schools and markets in Puerto Maldonado, the capital city of the Madre de Dios region and home of one of ACCA’s offices, closed their doors for 48 hours in response to the incident.

James Anaya, the United Nations Special Reporter for Indigenous People, has called for an investigation into allegations of abuse of indigenous people by security forces in Peru. 

The Madre de Dios region was not directly affected by the protests or the decrees, although it could have been eventually impacted by the precedents set by the decrees had they remained in place. Madre de Dios president Santos Kaway will be a member of the government’s new Amazonian Peoples group, along with four representatives of the government’s executive branch, the presidents of Peru’s Loreto, Ucayali, Amazonas, and San Martin regions, and 10 representatives of Amazonian native communities.

Peru’s government has in recent years been openly courting energy company investments, which Peruvian president Alan Garcia has said would provide a boon to the nation’s economy. On July 7, Houston-based BPZ Resources Inc., an oil and gas exploration and production company, announced that a subsidiary company had secured a $70 million line of credit for oil development in Peru. In April, French firm Perenco announced it would invest $2 billion for oil exploration in Peru’s Loreto region. Other companies currently involved in drilling and exploration in Peru include Argentina’s PlusPetrol, Canada’s Petrolifera, Spain’s Repsol, and Brazil’s Petrobras. (Photos above by Adrian Tejedor)

ACA and our Peruvian sister organization, ACCA, hosted an international conference on REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) from May 4-6, 2009, in Madre de Dios, Peru. A market-based strategy for mitigating climate change, REDD offers carbon buyers a way to “offset” their greenhouse gas emissions and sellers to earn a profit from protecting their forests. Co-hosted by the Regional Government of Madre de Dios (GOREMAD), the conference addressed economic, social, and environmental opportunities and challenges for REDD in Madre de Dios and the rest of the MAP Region (Madre de Dios, Peru; Acre, Brazil; Pando, Bolivia).

Many international experts in REDD markets, carbon modeling, and conservation presented proposals and studies on the regional impacts of climate change, international climate policy, the design of REDD markets, and current REDD projects. Over 120 participants attended the event, including local and regional policy makers, representatives from native communities, conservation organizations and other civil society groups, and students from Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD). The event was also broadcast in real time via closed-circuit TV with local and regional press in attendance.

The workshop opened the topic for debate regionally and nationally, and identified institutional and political challenges to make REDD a viable option in Madre de Dios and throughout the region. One of the outcomes of the workshop was a proposal to establish a working group of experts to create a standard regional model of deforestation projections that will help establish a solid baseline for the region.

To disseminate information regarding REDD policies, ACCA is co-sponsoring the Spanish translation (PDF) of The Little REDD Book (PDF). The workshop was sponsored by ACA, ACCA, Conservation International, GOREMAD, The Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, SFM, SPDA, The Nature Conservancy, UNAMAD, and WWF-Peru. (Photos above by Miguel Moran)